Compliance with customs regulations plays a central role in international trade, particularly when shipping plastics such as PE (polyethylene) or PET products (polyethylene terephthalate). Whether as a new product or recycled material — PE/PET is a sought-after raw material worldwide and is subject to strict regulations. Anyone who wants to transport secondary raw materials across national borders, for example, must be aware of the respective customs tariffs and regulations. This article highlights the most important aspects to consider when importing and exporting plastic products and plastics.

The role of customs tariff numbers

Customs tariff numbers are essential for smooth customs clearance of goods. These numbers are used to uniquely identify a product and ensure that the correct customs rates and trade regulations are applied. Especially for PE products, these numbers vary, as a distinction is made between new and recycled material.

• New goods vs. recycled PE/PET: Recycled material often falls under a different customs tariff number than new goods, which can result in different tariff rates. During customs clearance, companies must therefore specify exactly whether it is recycled or new PET in order to avoid unpleasant surprises such as unexpectedly high tariffs. Standard customs controls also require one.
• Trade agreement: Many countries have concluded trade agreements that facilitate international trade. The European Union, for example, has agreements with numerous countries that make it possible to import or export products duty-free or at reduced rates. It is important to know these agreements and to take advantage of the relevant benefits to save costs.

Documentation and preparation for international trade

In addition to customs tariff numbers, correct documentation is another decisive factor to ensure that plastic products easily pass through customs and arrive at the destination country. Missing or inaccurate documents can lead to delays and cause unnecessary costs.

The most important documents for PET import and export include:

• Commercial invoice: This indicates the value of the imported or exported goods and forms the basis for customs collection. Without a correct commercial invoice, there may be delays in processing.
• Certificate of origin: This document certifies the country of origin of the goods and is important for determining whether trade agreements and related tariff benefits can be applied. Particularly in the case of PET made from recycled material that was produced in another country, the certificate of origin is crucial.
• Packing list: The packaging list provides detailed information about the contents of the container. It makes it easier for customs authorities to verify and can be decisive during the inspection. A well-maintained packaging list saves time and reduces the risk of the goods being held.
• Bill of lading: The consignment note is one of the most important documents for transportation and customs processing. It contains important information about the sender, the recipient, the type of goods and the transport route. Without a bill of lading, the smooth completion of customs formalities is not possible.
• Import licenses: Import licences simultaneously entitle and oblige the holder to import within the period of validity of the import license.